Hamstring Injury Recurrence and Prevention: A Review

  • Noman Ali Khattak University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
  • Yumna Ali University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
  • Rabiya Akbar Combined Military Hospital, (CMH), Rawalpindi
  • Fatima Khattak Foundation University, College of Dentistry and Hospital, Rawalpindi
  • Sufana Ali University of Karachi, Karachi
Keywords: Football, Hamstring Injury, Injury Recurrence, Rehabitation, Sports Technique.

Abstract

Football stands to be the most favorite sport with approximately four billion fans worldwide. Injuries in the
game can often be frustrating to the fans, athletes and the club, affecting performance and financial
operations. An avoidance curriculum to help cut down risks of such injuries seems obligatory, concerning the
socioeconomic and financial repercussions. An issue that is frequently discussed in sports medicine is
Hamstring Strain Injuries (HSI) that is widely seen amongst players which could prevent them from engaging in
important games. HSI are one of the most frequently occurring injuries in sport representing approximately 12-
24% of all athletic injuries. There is a high prevalence of hamstring strain injuries in many sports, including
soccer.
This review consists of summary of hamstring injury causes, prevention and current practices of treatment . It
also evaluates a contemporary method that uses whole-body vibration and its benefits to neuromuscular
invigoration and defiance exercises.

References

Linklater JM, Hamilton B, Carmichael J. Hamstring injuries: anatomy, imaging, and intervention. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2010; 14: 131-61.

Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: a prospective study over two consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40: 767-72.

Engebretsen AH, Myklebust G, Holme I. Intrinsic risk factors for hamstring injuries among male soccer players: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 38: 1147- 53.

Jonhagen S, Nemeth G, Eriksson E. Hamstring injuries in sprinters: the role of concentric and eccentric hamstring muscle strength and flexibility. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22: 262-6.

Higashihara A, Nagano Y, Ono T. Relationship between the peak time of hamstring stretch and activation during sprinting. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016; 16: 36-41.

Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T. Acute first-time hamstring strains during high-speed running: a longitudinal

study including clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Am J Sports Med. 2007; 35: 197-206.

Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T. Acute first-time hamstring strains during slow-speed stretching: clinical,

magnetic resonance imaging, and recovery characteristics. Am J Sports Med. 2007; 35: 1716-24.

ESPN. Russia's Alan Dzagoev likely to miss rest of World Cup - club doctor. 2018. [updated on: June 2018, accessed on: May 2020]. [available at: https://www.espn.in/football/russia/story/3526090/russias-alan-dzagoev-set-to-missrest-of-world-cup-with-hamstring-injury]

Colosimo AJ, Wyatt HM, Frank KA. Hamstring avulsion injuries. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2005; 13: 80-8.

Koulouris G, Connell D. Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following acute injury. SkeletRadiol. 2003; 32: 582-9.

Sullivan MK, Dejulia JJ, Worrell TW. Effect of pelvic position and stretching method on hamstring muscle flexibility. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992; 24: 1383-9.

Junge A, Engebretsen L, Mountjoy ML, Alonso JM, Renström PA, Aubry MJ, et al. Sports injuries during the summer Olympic Games 2008. Am J Sports Med. 2009; 37: 2165-72.

Waldén M, Hägglund M, Ekstrand J. UEFA Champions League study: a prospective study of injuries in professional football during the 2001–2002 season. Br J Sports Med. 2005 ; 39: 542-6.

Lee JC, Mitchell AW, Healy JC. Imaging of muscle injury in the elite athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2012; 85: 1173-85.

Yeung SS, Suen AM, Yeung EW. A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. Br J Sports Med. 2009; 43: 589-94.

Lee JW, Mok KM, Chan HC. Eccentric hamstring strength deficit and poor hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio are risk factors for hamstring strain injury in football: A prospective study of 146 professional players. J Sci Med Sport. 2018; 21: 789-93.

Turl SE, George KP. Adverse neural tension: a factor in repetitive hamstring strain? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.

; 27: 16-21.

Meroni R, Cerri CG, Lanzarini C, Barindelli G, Della Morte G, Gessaga V, et al. Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clin J Sport Med. 2010; 20: 8-14.

Arnason A, Andersen TE, Holme I. Prevention of hamstring strains in elite soccer: an intervention study. Scand J Med SciSpor. 2008; 18: 40-8.

Mjølsnes R, Arnason A, Østhagen T. A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players. Scand J Med SciSpor. 2004; 14: 311-7.

van der Horst N, Smits DW, Petersen J, Goedhart EA, Backx FJ. The preventive effect of the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015; 43: 1316-23.

Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Eccentric training and static stretching improve hamstring flexibility of high school

males. J Athl Train. 2004; 39: 254. 23. Bourne MN, Timmins RG, Opar DA, Pizzari T, Ruddy JD, Sims

C, et al. An evidence-based framework for strengthening exercises to prevent hamstring injury. Sports Med. 2018 ;48: 251-67.

st 24. Radcliffe J, Farentinos R. High-Powered Plyometrics, 2E. 1 Edition. Human Kinetics; 2015.

Perez-Gomez J, Olmedillas H, Delgado-Guerra S, Royo IA, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Ortiz RA, et al. Effects of weight lifting training combined with plyometric exercises on physical fitness, body composition, and knee extension velocity during kicking in football. ApplPhysiolNutr Me. 2008; 33: 501-10.

Booth MA, Orr R. Effects of plyometric training on sports performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016; 38: 30-7.

Akasaka K, Tamura A, Katsuta A, Sagawa A, Otsudo T, Okubo Y, et al. Does trampoline or hard surface jumping influence lower extremity alignment?.J Phys Ther. 2017; 29: 2147-50.

Annino G, Iellamo F, Palazzo F, Fusco A, Lombardo M, Campoli F, et al. Acute changes in neuromuscular activity in vertical jump and flexibility after exposure to whole body vibration. Medicine. 2017; 96: e7629.

Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A, Chumanov ES, Thelen DG. Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010; 40: 67-81.

Bosco C. Methods of functional testing during rehabilitation exercises. InRehabilitation of Sports Injuries 2001 (pp. 11-st 22). 1 Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the hip: a focus on muscular actions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010; 40: 82-94.

Ramos GA, Arliani GG, Astur DC, Pochini AD, Ejnisman B, Cohen M, et al. Rehabilitation of hamstring muscle injuries: a literature review. Rev Bras Ortop. 2017; 52: 11-6.

Erickson LN, Sherry MA. Rehabilitation and return to sport after hamstring strain injury. Sport Health Sci. 2017; 6: 262- 70.

Published
2021-06-29
Section
Review Article